Biden administration faces onslaught of lawsuits as business groups claim regulatory overreach

• The Biden administration faces a wave of lawsuits targeting its regulatory agenda, as business and banking groups argue that federal agencies are overstepping their authority.
• The Chamber of Commerce said it expects to file a total of at least 22 lawsuits against the administration before the end of President Joe Biden's current term, a dramatic increase from the number of suits it filed against two previous administrations.
• "We are fully confident these agencies are acting within their authorities," a White House spokesman told CNBC. "These rules help American workers and families by increasing wages, lowering costs, saving lives, and building a fairer economy."

WASHINGTON — When the Federal Trade Commission finalized a rule earlier this month banning noncompete clauses, the blowback was swift: Within 24 hours, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce led a handful of business groups to file a lawsuit seeking to block the ban. They argued that the FTC lacked the authority to impose it in the first place.

The playbook is becoming a familiar one: The Biden administration finalizes a new rule regulating business, and the Chamber and industry lobbying groups immediately sue to stop it by arguing that the agency has overstepped its authority.

So far this year, the administration has finalized seven rules, addressing such areas as independent contractors, credit card late fees and climate disclosure requirements, only to see them met with near-immediate lawsuits by the Chamber and other groups.

The Chamber said it expects to file a total of at least 22 lawsuits against the Biden administration before the end of President Joe Biden's current term. That's a dramatic increase from the number of suits it filed against two previous administrations — three against the Trump administration and 15 during Obama's first term, according to the Chamber.

The American Bankers Association, another influential lobbying group in Washington, said it has signed on to four lawsuits against banking regulators since September 2022 and that it had not signed on to any legal challenges to banking regulators for about a decade before that.

Officials at both the Chamber and the ABA said litigation is always a last resort. But they see it as a necessary step when agencies issue regulations that the organizations see as outside the scope of their authority.

"We are fully confident these agencies are acting within their authorities," White House assistant press secretary Michael Kikukawa said in a statement to CNBC. "These rules help American workers and families by increasing wages, lowering costs, saving lives, and building a fairer economy."

"It's not just about a single regulation, right?" Neil Bradley, executive vice president at the Chamber, said in an interview with CNBC. "It's about the 1,000 regulations that are going to go final this year. It's about the 200-plus regulations that have an economic impact of more than $200 million a year."

"We went from a time when we would argue about a particular regulation," Bradley said, "to a period where the concern is about the direction as a whole."

Total private-sector regulations have been increasing under Biden, according to one metric from George Mason University — especially compared with the Trump administration, during which they stayed more or less flat. 

But Patrick McLaughlin, director of policy analytics at George Mason's free-market, libertarian Mercatus Center think tank, who created the metric, said the nature of Biden's regulations is more notable than the volume.

The Biden administration, in McLaughlin's view, has been "expansive in their interpretation of authorizing statutes."

"The Chamber and others see an opportunity to push back on regulations that, in their view, are going beyond what Congress authorized," McLaughlin said.

The specific targets of the lawsuits have been varied: The Chamber has already sued a dozen agencies under the Biden administration, compared with just four agencies under Obama, according to a spokesperson. Despite the range of issues at play, the group's arguments largely center on the claim that agencies are seeking to set rules in areas that can only be addressed by Congress. 

Even before the FTC issued its ban on noncompete clauses, for example, the Chamber pledged to take FTC Chair Lina Khan to court over it, regardless of the specifics.

"She might come up with a policy that we would actually agree with on substance," Bradley said of Khan before the final rule was released. "But the precedent of that authority is unacceptable."

The Biden administration says the focus with all of its regulations is on protecting consumers and saving them money. Administration estimates show that the FTC's noncompete ban will boost wages by at least $400 billion over the next decade.

The administration also estimates that the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's move to slash credit card late fees will save 45 million Americans $220 per year, and the Environmental Protection Agency's air-quality rule will yield up to $46 billion in net health benefits in 2032.

Regulation critics also argue that the Biden administration has not been appropriately following the rulemaking process, in part by failing to incorporate viewpoints from stakeholders as part of the final regulation.

"When they insist on finalizing rules that fall outside their regulatory purview, and when they ignore constructive feedback from banks and other stakeholders, litigation is the only remaining tool in our toolbox," ABA President and CEO Rob Nichols said at the group's Washington Summit in mid-March. "It's not a tool we want to use, but it's one we will continue to strategically wield as needed."

Complying with regulations by definition comes with costs that fall on companies. And rules that shift depending on who occupies the White House — while hardly a new dilemma — can still create uncertainty businesses would prefer to do without.

"If you make an investment in one thing, are you going to find out that there's some obscure regulation that you were unaware of, that would suddenly decrease the value of that investment?" asked McLaughlin, of the Mercatus Center. "Or make you stop being able to produce it altogether?"